
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic salt with the formula MgSO4(H2O)x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 7. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate sulphate mineral epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O), commonly called Epsom salt.
OVERVIEW
A variety of hydrates are known.
The heptahydrate (epsomite) readily loses one equivalent of water to form the hexahydrate. Epsom salt takes its name from a bitter saline spring in Epsom in Surrey, England, where the salt was produced from the springs that arise where the porous chalk of the North Downs meets non-porous London clay.
The monohydrate, MgSO4·H2O is found as the mineral kieserite. It can be prepared by heating the hexahydrate to approximately 150 °C. Further heating to approximately 200 °C gives anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Upon further heating, the anhydrous salt decomposes into magnesium oxide (MgO) and sulfur trioxide (SO3).
The heptahydrate can be prepared by neutralizing sulfuric acid with magnesium carbonate or oxide, but it is usually obtained directly from natural sources.
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